【摘要】剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流動作繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，作為(wei)主保(bao)護或(huo)者后備保(bao)護應用在低(di)壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中，主要對于消除對人體的(de)(de)(de)傷害或(huo)火災(zai)的(de)(de)(de)隱患起著重要的(de)(de)(de)作用，正確使用剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流動作繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和對其(qi)原理的(de)(de)(de)了解，對保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣系(xi)統安全可靠(kao)運行具(ju)有重大意義。對于TT系(xi)統，采用剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流動作繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對接地故障進(jin)行保(bao)護；而在TN系(xi)統中，速(su)斷和漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護已滿足對接地故障保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)靈

敏度要求。

【關鍵詞】剩余電(dian)流；接地故障；觸、漏(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護；用電(dian)安全(quan)

0引言

隨著我國低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)系統(tong)及經濟(ji)建設規模的不斷(duan)發展，人(ren)們對提高(gao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力及安全也提出了更高(gao)的要求，尤(you)其在一(yi)些由專門獨立變壓(ya)器提供(gong)的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中(zhong),存(cun)在監管薄弱、維護(hu)(hu)人(ren)員(yuan)安全得不到(dao)保障(zhang)。常常出現線路(lu)設備(bei)(bei)觸、漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)故和接(jie)地短路(lu)而引(yin)起火災(zai)等安全隱(yin)患和經濟(ji)損失。因(yin)此創(chuang)新(xin)智(zhi)能(neng)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)已迫(po)在眉睫。而剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流動作(zuo)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器用來防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)以上事(shi)故是一(yi)種較(jiao)好的保護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)，其主要作(zuo)用是保護(hu)(hu)人(ren)身(shen)免受電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊傷(shang)亡、防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)或線路(lu)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)而引(yin)起的火災(zai)。

1工作原理

剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)作(zuo)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本原(yuan)理如(ru)圖(tu)1示，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路處于正常運行時，利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)定(ding)(ding)理,網絡(luo)一(yi)端流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進和(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)小等，方(fang)向相反(fan)即和(he)(he)為(wei)零(ling)(ling)。所以原(yuan)理圖(tu)中(zhong)，在漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)右側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)總和(he)(he)應為(wei)零(ling)(ling)，即IL1+IL2+IL3+IN=0；此(ci)時，觸(chu)(chu)、漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)處于靜止(zhi)工作(zuo)狀態(tai)，在本圖(tu)中(zhong)，零(ling)(ling)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)此(ci)裝(zhuang)置檢測元件(jian)。各相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矢量和(he)(he)等于零(ling)(ling)(對零(ling)(ling)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)假定(ding)(ding)不(bu)考(kao)慮不(bu)平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu))，因此(ci)，零(ling)(ling)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)次側(ce)繞組無信號輸出，操作(zuo)執(zhi)行機(ji)構無動(dong)作(zuo)。當(dang)發生(sheng)接地故(gu)障時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矢量和(he)(he)不(bu)等于零(ling)(ling)，零(ling)(ling)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)由于故(gu)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)使(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環形鐵芯中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)磁通，零(ling)(ling)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)次側(ce)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓使(shi)操作(zuo)執(zhi)行機(ji)構做相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)，如(ru)帶(dai)動(dong)萬能式(shi)斷路器(qi)(qi)或塑殼斷路器(qi)(qi)脫扣，達(da)到(dao)(dao)接地故(gu)障保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；當(dang)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，人(ren)(ren)作(zuo)為(wei)導體(ti)，就(jiu)會(hui)有(you)(you)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)IK流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經過(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)導入地下，從而使(shi)觸(chu)(chu)、漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)右側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)總和(he)(he)不(bu)為(wei)零(ling)(ling)，即IL1+IL2+IL3+IN≠0，當(dang)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)達(da)到(dao)(dao)動(dong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時，觸(chu)(chu)、漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)執(zhi)行機(ji)構就(jiu)會(hui)動(dong)作(zuo)，這樣使(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)很(hen)小，控制(zhi)在30mA以內，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)了觸(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)身

安全，并且可以達到(dao)不斷電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)效果。假如現在(zai)又有人在(zai)同相(xiang)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)話，也能保護觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)者的(de)(de)(de)安全，因為通過(guo)操(cao)作(zuo)執(zhi)行機構的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)R控制流過(guo)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)者的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)30mA以內(nei)；如果是在(zai)異相(xiang)發生二次觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)，那(nei)么通過(guo)操(cao)作(zuo)執(zhi)行機構的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理環節帶動萬(wan)能式斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)或塑(su)殼斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)脫扣，達

到(dao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)觸電者的人身(shen)安全；同時(shi)，觸、漏(lou)電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)可以實時(shi)監測(ce)線路的漏(lou)電電流值，只要漏(lou)電電流大(da)于危險值時(shi)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)立即(ji)發出聲(sheng)音報(bao)警，并(bing)且及(ji)時(shi)自動通(tong)過GSM通(tong)信網(wang)電話(hua)和(he)短信通(tong)知提醒電工(gong)管(guan)理(li)人員對有關線路和(he)設(she)備漏(lou)電情況進行排(pai)查，達到(dao)防患于未然(ran)。

2?特點及作用

第一(yi)，24小時不間斷實時監測線路的老化情況。

第二(er)，用高(gao)(gao)科技手(shou)段提(ti)高(gao)(gao)安全管(guan)理水平(ping)。

第三(san)，通過手機(ji)網絡(luo)遠(yuan)程監督。

第四，漏(lou)電保護的同時不跳閘。

第五，提前預測、預警和預排，預防安(an)全隱患(huan)。

第六，為避免低壓電氣系統的觸(chu)電和電氣火災安

全事(shi)故(gu)的發生提(ti)供了保障。

3?注意事項

第(di)一(yi)，剩(sheng)余電流動作繼電器外部(bu)所有(you)接線正確，否則可能導致誤動作和拒動作。

第二，國際(ji)電(dian)工委員(yuan)會標(biao)準IEC4.79確定，50Hz交流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)通過人體時，如果不超(chao)過30mA時，人體不會因(yin)發生心室纖維(wei)性(xing)顫動而死亡。因(yin)此，而剩余電(dian)流(liu)動作繼(ji)電(dian)器對于漏(lou)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)的設(she)置達到人性(xing)化。

第(di)三，剩余電(dian)流(liu)式動(dong)作繼(ji)電(dian)器不(bu)(bu)對相與相、相與零線之(zhi)間(jian)的觸電(dian)提供(gong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)；被保(bao)護(hu)(hu)線路(lu)不(bu)(bu)得(de)與未保(bao)護(hu)(hu)線路(lu)混用，中(zhong)性保(bao)護(hu)(hu)線不(bu)(bu)得(de)重(zhong)復接地。

4?社會效益

剩余電(dian)流動(dong)作繼電(dian)器(qi)，是針對由(you)獨(du)立變壓器(qi)供電(dian)的(de)(de)低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)系(xi)統線(xian)路和(he)(he)設備絕緣(yuan)的(de)(de)實時(shi)監控，起(qi)(qi)到提前(qian)對漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)事(shi)故的(de)(de)預(yu)警和(he)(he)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)保護(hu)(hu)作用，在一定條件下提供觸電(dian)后(hou)備保護(hu)(hu)，減少漏(lou)(lou)(lou)電(dian)開關因漏(lou)(lou)(lou)點突變引起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)頻繁跳(tiao)閘帶來的(de)(de)經濟損失和(he)(he)造成的(de)(de)停(ting)電(dian)影響。

其特點是對(dui)系統線路和設備的絕緣和漏(lou)電情(qing)況提供(gong)持續實(shi)時監測和監控(kong)(kong)，用高科(ke)技手段提高安全管理水平，遠程監控(kong)(kong)，漏(lou)電保護的同時不跳(tiao)閘，提前預(yu)測,預(yu)警和預(yu)排查，有效減(jian)少安全事故的發生(sheng)。

產品有很強的針對(dui)性，提供(gong)一(yi)種全(quan)新的漏電保護(hu)方式方法(fa)，對(dui)保護(hu)國家財產，保障人民生命財產安全(quan)和建設和諧(xie)社會具(ju)有重要的現(xian)實意義。

目(mu)前，我國在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)和已建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物，違(wei)規使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)符(fu)標準的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)線路及設備還(huan)時有發生(sheng)，加上不(bu)(bu)文明和違(wei)章的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)安裝施(shi)工，觸電(dian)事故及電(dian)氣(qi)火災險還(huan)時有發生(sheng)。同時在(zai)我國許多舊的(de)(de)大(da)中型公共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑包括(kuo)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑中由(you)于電(dian)纜老化和施(shi)工的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)規范造成線路和裝置的(de)(de)絕緣性能下

降，再加上原(yuan)設計(ji)的載荷能(neng)力有限，而用(yong)電量(liang)逐年增加。剩余(yu)電流動作繼電器是有效的保護(hu)裝置(zhi)。

河鋼(gang)宣鋼(gang)的(de)在電源系統的(de)單臺變壓(ya)器且不(bu)重復接地的(de)系統安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)了此裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)后，可(ke)采集到(dao)系統的(de)漏電電流，為職工(gong)的(de)安(an)全作業及定期(qi)檢修提供了基本(ben)依據(ju)。

5安科瑞(rui)ASJ系列產品(pin)介紹

安科瑞ASJ系(xi)列剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)動作繼電(dian)器(qi)和多(duo)回路(lu)剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)監測儀可(ke)(ke)與(yu)低壓斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)或低壓接(jie)觸器(qi)等組成組合(he)式剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)保護(hu)裝置，主(zhu)要適用于交流(liu)(liu)50Hz，額定電(dian)壓400V及(ji)以下的TT和TN系(xi)統配電(dian)線路(lu)，用來對(dui)電(dian)氣線路(lu)進行接(jie)地故(gu)障保護(hu)，防止接(jie)地故(gu)障電(dian)流(liu)(liu)引起的設備損(sun)壞和電(dian)氣火災事故(gu)，也可(ke)(ke)用來對(dui)人身觸電(dian)危險提供間接(jie)接(jie)觸保護(hu)。

ASJ10/20系列剩(sheng)余電流動作繼電器(qi)

ASJ60系列剩余電流監測儀

5.1功能介紹

ASJ10/20系列剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)動作繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)具有以下功能：A型或者AC型剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)測量(liang)，剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)越限報警(jing)指示，額定(ding)剩余動作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)可設定(ding)，極限不驅動時間(jian)可設定(ding)，兩組繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸(shu)出，具有就地，遠程“測試(shi)"、“復位"功能；

ASJ60系(xi)列剩余電(dian)流(liu)監(jian)測儀具有(you)以下(xia)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)：16路(lu)剩余電(dian)流(liu)監(jian)測，1路(lu)預警繼電(dian)器輸出，16路(lu)報警繼電(dian)器輸出，2路(lu)DI輸入，自(zi)動重合(he)閘功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，遠程通訊功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，遠程分合(he)閘功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。

5.2技術指標

ASJ10/20系列(lie)剩余電流動(dong)作(zuo)繼電器技術(shu)指標

ASJ60系列剩余(yu)電流監測儀技(ji)術(shu)指(zhi)標

5.3選用說明

剩余電(dian)流動作繼電(dian)器在(zai)應用時應注意(yi)低壓系統的接線型式。

其余(yu)接線(xian)型(xing)式(shi)需要改造成以(yi)上兩種型(xing)式(shi)使用，防止出線(xian)誤動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)或者不動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)的(de)情況。剩余(yu)電流互(hu)感器的(de)選擇應根(gen)據主回(hui)路的(de)額定(ding)電流為參考選擇，

實際應如圖所示(shi)，互感器(qi)安裝在主(zhu)回路(lu)或(huo)者支路(lu)上，通(tong)過測量剩余電流判斷是否驅動斷路(lu)器(qi)動作。

ASJ10/20剩余電流繼(ji)電器典型應用

ASJ60剩(sheng)余電流(liu)監測(ce)儀典型(xing)應用

5.4注意事項

當采用剩余電流動作(zuo)保護器（RCD）作(zuo)為電擊(ji)防護附加(jia)防護措施時，應(ying)符合下列(lie)規定：

• 額定剩余電流動(dong)作(zuo)值(zhi)不(bu)應(ying)大于30mA；

• 額定(ding)電流不超過32A的下列回路應裝設剩余電流動作保護器（RCD）：

• 供一般人(ren)員使用(yong)的電源插座回路；

• 室內移動電氣設備；

• 人員可(ke)觸及的室外電氣設備。

• 剩(sheng)余電流動(dong)作(zuo)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)（RCD）不應作(zuo)為保(bao)護(hu)措施；

• 采用剩余(yu)電流動(dong)作保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器（RCD）時(shi)應(ying)裝(zhuang)設保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)接地導體（PE）。

6?結語

隨著工業及民用(yong)低壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣系統的(de)安(an)全問題(ti)(ti)越來越受到(dao)關注(zhu)及重(zhong)(zhong)視，負荷也越來越重(zhong)(zhong)要，顯然杜絕或(huo)減(jian)少因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)等問題(ti)(ti)發生(sheng)各類電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)故，剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動作繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器將發揮積極作用(yong)。

參考文獻：

[1]GB/T22387—2008.剩余電流動作(zuo)繼電器(qi)[S].

[2]GB13955—2005.剩余電流(liu)動作保護裝置(zhi)安裝和運(yun)行[S].

[3]陳家(jia)斌(bin).漏電保護技術手冊[M].河南科學技術出(chu)版社(she)：1993.

[4]張帥.淺談(tan)剩(sheng)余電(dian)流動作繼電(dian)器的原理及應用.

[11]安科瑞企業微(wei)電網設計與(yu)應用手冊.2022.06版

作者簡介：陳德信，男，安(an)科瑞(rui)電氣股(gu)份有限(xian)公司，主要從事剩余電流動作保護(hu)器的研發(fa)與應用，手機：13611994373（微(wei)信同號），QQ:2881454557，郵箱:2881454557@qq.com